NEJM Healer is a product of NEJM Group — Owned & Published by the Massachusetts Medical Society.
President
Barbara S. Spivak, MD
Executive Vice President
Lois Dehls Cornell
NEJM Group Editor
Jeffrey M. Drazen, M.D.
Vice President, NEJM Group
David Sampson
The Committee on Publications of the Massachusetts Medical Society
Chair
James A. Feldman, M.D.
Vice Chair
Burt A. Adelman, M.D.
Edward W. Boyer, M.D., James Diao, Henry L. Dorkin, M.D., Subramanyan Jayasankar, M.D., Tony Joudi, James Luo, M.D., Nora Osman, M.D., Paul M. Ridker, M.D., Schlomit Schaal, M.D., J. Kevin Tucker, M.D., Steven Young, M.D., Carole E. Allen, M.D., ex officio, Theodore A. Calianos II, M.D., ex officio, Barbara S. Spivak, M.D., ex officio, Lynda G. Kabbash, M.D., ex officio, Lee S. Perrin, M.D., ex officio
Editors
Lead Editor and Director, Educational Innovation, NEJM Group
Raja-Elie E. Abdulnour, M.D.
Clinical Reasoning Advisors
Judith Bowen, M.D., Ph.D.
Anthony Miller, MEd, PA-C
Andrew Olson , M.D.
Andrew Parsons, M.D., M.P.H.
Joseph Rencic, M.D., Chair
Verity Schaye, M.D., M.H.P.E.
Nathan Stehouwer, M.D.
Associate Editors
David Furfaro, M.D.
Scott Stern, M.D.
Rebecca Sternschein, M.D.
Colin Washington, M.D.
Contributing Editors
Jerome Ecker, M.D.
Brian Ford, M.D.
Benjamin Kalivas, M.D.
Travis Smith, D.O.
Managing Editor
Maniver Deol, M.D.
Section Editors
Cardiology
Karl Richardson, M.D.
Critical Care
Michael C. Ferrera, M.D.
Pulmonology
Matthew Miles, M.D.
Infectious Disease
Emily Abdoler, M.D.
Gastroenterology
Molly Perencevich, M.D.
Geriatrics
Devyani Misra, M.D., MS
Oncology
Myles Nickolich, M.D.
Psychiatry
Scott Simpson, M.D.
Anna K. McDowell, M.D.
Dermatology
Susan Nedorost, M.D.
Ophthalmology
Fasika Woreta, M.D.
Medical Production Editors
Tania Chiha, M.D.
Rian Kabir, M.D.
Harnoor Bhardwaj, M.D.
Elie Akl, M.D.
Interactive Design Director
Robert Olson
Manager, Medical Data Visualization and User Experience
Daniel Muller
Director, Sales and Business Development
David Robbins, MBA
Regional Sales Manager
Dave Tavares
Managing Director, Business Strategy and Market Development
Kathy Charlton
General Manager
Matthew O’Rourke
Complete List of Contributors by Specialty
Cardiology
Contributors
Mosi Bennett, M.D.
The Medical University of South Carolina
Devin Blankinship, M.D.
Zain Gowani, M.D.
Daniel Judge, M.D.
Carson Keck, M.D.
Ryan Tedford, M.D.
Johns Hopkins University
Nick Smith, M.D.
Wake Forest Baptist Health
Karl Richardson, M.D.
Dermatology
Contributors
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
Danny Barlev, M.D.
Amy Johnson, M.D.
Emma Larson, M.D.
Scott Mahlberg, M.D.
Susan Nedorost, M.D.
Harvard University
Adam D. Lipworth, M.D.
Emergency Medicine
Contributors
American University of Beirut
Samer Abou Arbid, M.D.
Nour Al Jalbout, M.D.
Mohamed, Khamis M.D.
Wake Forest Baptist Health
Daniel Baquet, M.D.
David Manthey, M.D.
LECOM
Travis Smith, DO
Endocrinology
Contributors
University of Virginia
Peggy Amoakohene, M.D.
Gregory Kee-Pum, M.D.
William Horton, M.D.
Sarah Lee, M.D.
Janice McMillian, M.D.
Jeremy Steinman, M.D.
Izzah Vasim, M.D.
Maine Medical Center
Clifford Rosen, M.D.
Gastroenterology
Contributors
Yale University
Guadalupe Garcia Tsao, M.D.
Harvard University
David X. Jin, M.D.
Anne F. Liu, M.D.
Emilie K. Mitten, M.D.
Molly L. Perencevich, M.D.
Alexander S. Vogel, M.D.
Wake Forest Baptist Health
Jared Rajeski, M.D.
American University of Beirut
Daniel Fady, M.D.
Infectious Disease
Contributors
University of Michigan
Emily Abdoler, M.D.
Harvard University
Miriam Baron, M.D.
Molly Paras, M.D.
American University of Beirut
Zeina Kanafani, M.D.
Emory University
Varun Kishor Phadke, M.D.
Daniel Sans Graciaa, M.D.
Andrew Scott Webster, M.D.
Jane Chung Yoon, M.D.
Internal Medicine
Contributors
UCSF
Peter Barish, M.D.
VA
Anthony Breu, M.D.
Penn State
Nicholas Duca, M.D.
Harvard University
Robert Hayden, M.D.
Subha Ramani, M.D.
Emory
Colin Washington, M.D.
Medical University of South Carolina
Benjamin Kalivas, M.D.
Wake Health
Donna Williams, M.D.
Kathleen Cramer Herring, M.D. candidate
Lara Michelle Khoury, M.D. candidate
Michael Wayne Armstrong, M.D. candidate
American University of Beirut
Nayla Mroueh, M.D.
Antoine Bejjani, M.D.
University of North Carolina
Brandon Freidman, M.D. candidate
Emma Astrike-Davis, M.D. candidate
Joseph Dayaa, M.D. candidate
Laila Knio, M.D. candidate
Seth Alexander, M.D. candidate
University of Minnesota
Sahar H. Koubar, M.B.B.S.
Neurology
Contributors
University of Missouri Health System
Aisha Abdul Razaq, M.D.
Swathi Beladakere Ramaswamy, M.D.
Kia Ghiassi, M.D.
Francisco Gomez, M.D.
Clare Lammert, M.D.
Ashutosh Pandey, M.D.
Joel L. Shenker, M.D.
American University of Beirut
Ahmad Beydoun, M.D.
Tarek Halabi, M.D.
Omar Nabil Nofal, M.D.
Wake Forrest Baptist Health
Rachana Gandhi Mehta, M.D.
Harvard University
Allan Ropper, M.D.
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Contributors
Harvard University
Michael Greene, M.D.
Molly R. Siegel, M.D.
Marti Soffer, M.D.
Pediatrics
Contributors
Harvard University
Rita Abi Younes, M.D.
Nora Abo-sido, M.D.
Jonanlis Ramirez Alcantara, M.D.
Paola Daza, M.D.
Henry Dorkin, M.D.
Neil Dominic Fernandez, M.D.
Anna Handorf, M.D.
Kayla Hartjes, M.D.
Alexandra Lucas, M.D.
Megan McBurnie, M.D.
Annie Murray, M.D.
Sarah Servattalab, M.D.
Lauren Sweetser, M.D.
Elizabeth Thiele, M.D.
USF
Sukjoo Cho, M.D.
Jasmine Jordan, M.D.
Meredith Plant, M.D.
Tory Saunrders, M.D.
Ali Grana, M.D.
Penn State
Bridget Dillon, M.D.
Jonathan Elliot, M.D.
Conrad Krawiecc, M.D.
Danielle Smith, M.D.
Frederick Sudbury, M.D.
Harvard University
Julie Ingelfinger, M.D.
Psychiatry
Contributors
Brown University
Lana Elhalabi, M.D.
Olivia Hunt, M.D.
Olga Sinyavskaya, M.D.
University of Colorado
Robert Freedman, M.D.
Anna K. McDowell, M.D.
Scott Simpson, M.D.
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Adrienne D. Taylor, M.D.
Pulmonary and Critical Care
Contributors
Harvard University
Rebecca Elaine Cagnina, M.D.
Paul Dieffenbach, M.D.
David Furfaro, M.D.
Jonathan A. Rose, M.D.
Rebecca Sternschein, M.D.
Ann Marcia Tukpah, M.D.
Ahmet Uluer, M.D.
Bradley Wertheim, M.D.
Wake Forrest Baptist Health
Dhishna Chaudhary, M.D.
Nathaniel Marsh Meier, M.D.
Matthew C. Miles, M.D.
Ohio State University/Wexner Medical Center
Sarah Cohen, M.D.
Avraham Cooper, M.D.
Gregory Eisinger, M.D.
Jennifer McCallister, M.D.
Rachel Quaney, M.D.
Kyle Stinehart, M.D.
American University of Beirut
Salwa Koubaissi, M.D.
Vanderbilt University
Michael G. Lester, M.D.
Columbia University
Michael T. Murn, M.D.
Charles G. Murphy, M.D.
UCSF
Lekshmi Santhosh, M.D.
Rheumatology
Contributors
Harvard University
Simon M. Helfgott, M.D.
Ian Cooley, M.D.
Tiffany Hsu, M.D.
Guy Katz, M.D.
Gregory McDermott, M.D.
Johns Hopkins University
Melody Chung, M.D.
Caoilfhionn Connolly, M.D.
Eric Dein, M.D.
Maximillian Konig, M.D.
Abin Puravath, M.D.
Philip Seo, M.D.
Rachel Wallwork, M.D.
Wake Forrest Baptist Health
Rachel Wolfe, M.D.
Hematology Oncology
Contributors
Penn State
Joseph Cioccio, M.D.
Myles Nickolich, M.D.
Harvard University
Lachelle Weeks, M.D.
Nephrology
Contributors
Johns Hopkins University
Sam Kant, M.D.
John Sperati, M.D.
American University of Beirut
Kamal Badr, M.D.
Adult Critical Care
Contributors
Penn State
David Shore, M.D.
Pediatric Critical Care
Contributors
Penn State
Neha Sinha, M.D.
General Surgery
Contributors
American University of Beirut
Arwa El-Rifai, M.D.
Walid Faraj, M.D.
Marita Yaghi, M.D.
Cleveland Clinic
Ira Leeds, M.D.
Opthamology
Contributors
Johns Hopkins University
Amir Kashani, M.D.
Fasika Woreta, M.D.
Pediatric Surgery
Contributors
American University of Beirut
Ahmad Zagal, M.D.
Past Contributors
Ann Marie Kumfer, M.D.
Rian Kabir, M.D.